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How Ontario Law Handles Injuries Caused by Dog Bites

How Ontario Law Handles Injuries Caused by Dog Bites

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Dog bites can happen suddenly, even with dogs that seem friendly or familiar. If you’ve been bitten or injured by a dog in Ontario, it’s important to know that the law takes these incidents seriously—and that victims often have a clear path to compensation.

Ontario’s Dog Owners’ Liability Act makes the rules very clear: the owner is legally responsible for injuries caused by their dog, regardless of the animal’s breed or past behaviour. This means you don’t need to prove the dog had bitten someone before or that the owner was negligent. Simply put—if the dog caused harm, the owner is liable.

This law applies whether the bite happened in a public place, on the owner’s property, or even in your own home if the dog was visiting. It doesn’t have to be a bite either—if a dog knocks you over, causes a cycling accident, or otherwise injures you, the same rules often apply.

If you’re injured, start by getting medical attention right away. Dog bites can lead to infection or scarring and may require antibiotics, stitches, or even surgery. Make sure your injury is well documented, both by healthcare providers and with your own photos if possible.

Then, gather information about the dog and the owner. Get their name, phone number, and the dog’s vaccination history if available. If the owner refuses or the dog is loose, try to photograph the dog or speak with any witnesses nearby who may have seen what happened.

You should also report the incident to your local public health unit. In most Ontario municipalities, this is mandatory. They will likely investigate to confirm that the dog is vaccinated against rabies and may issue restrictions or other orders.

When it comes to seeking compensation, a lawyer can help you file a claim for damages. This may include medical expenses, lost income, emotional trauma, and cosmetic concerns such as scarring. Homeowner’s insurance or renter’s insurance may cover the dog owner’s liability—even if the bite didn’t happen on their property.

While the law is on your side as a victim, things can still get complicated—especially if the owner disputes the facts or tries to shift the blame. That’s why having a lawyer on your side makes a difference.

At Hilborn and Konduros, we’ve helped many clients recover after serious dog bite injuries. If you’ve been hurt by a dog and aren’t sure where to turn, give us a call. We’ll walk you through your options and help you pursue what you’re entitled to.

What to Say When the Insurance Company Calls

What to Say When the Insurance Company Calls

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After an accident or injury, hearing from the insurance company might feel routine—but what you say on that call can have long-term consequences. The person on the other end may sound friendly, but their goal is to protect the company’s bottom line, not necessarily to help you.

Start by being polite but cautious

You can confirm your name, contact info, and the date of the incident, but you don’t need to go further right away. If the adjuster starts asking for details about how the accident happened or how you’re feeling, it’s okay to pause. You’re not required to answer everything on the spot, and you certainly don’t have to go into detail before you’re ready.

Avoid guessing or minimizing

One of the most common mistakes people make is downplaying how they’re feeling. Saying something like “I’m doing okay” can seem harmless, but it may be used to argue that your injuries aren’t serious. On the flip side, guessing or speculating about what happened—especially when you’re still processing it—can open the door to misinterpretation later.

Don’t give a recorded statement right away

If they ask to record the call, you can decline or ask to reschedule. A simple response like “I’d prefer to speak with my lawyer before giving a recorded statement” is more than enough. Once something is on record, it can be replayed and dissected—and sometimes, innocent comments get twisted or taken out of context.

Never admit fault

Even casual phrases like “I didn’t see them” or “maybe I was going too fast” can be viewed as admissions. It’s human nature to want to be polite or take some of the blame, but in legal terms, that can have consequences. Stick to what you know and avoid making assumptions or accepting fault.

It’s okay to ask for more time

If you’re caught off guard or feeling unsure, there’s nothing wrong with asking to continue the conversation later. Say something like, “I’m not in a position to speak right now—can I get back to you once I’ve had time to review things?” Taking time to prepare is a smart move that helps you avoid saying something that could affect your claim.

Why having legal guidance matters

Insurance adjusters work for the insurer, not for you. They’re trained to gather information in ways that might limit what you receive. Having someone in your corner—especially early on—can make a big difference in how your claim is handled.

If you’re feeling unsure about how to deal with an insurance call after an accident, you’re not alone. At Hilborn and Konduros, we can help you navigate these conversations, protect your rights, and make sure you’re not taken advantage of. Reach out to us before you speak to the insurer—we’ll make sure you’re prepared.

Teen Drivers and Car Accidents Who’s Liable Under Ontario Law?

Teen Drivers and Car Accidents – Who’s Liable Under Ontario Law?

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When a teenager causes a car accident in Ontario, the question of liability becomes more complex than with adult drivers. Who pays for the damage? Is the teen fully responsible, or do their parents bear some legal responsibility too?

Here’s what Ontario law says about liability when it comes to teen drivers.

Age Doesn’t Always Equal Independence

In Ontario, the legal driving age is 16, with restrictions under the graduated licensing system (G1, G2, then G). While teens can legally operate a vehicle, that doesn’t mean they’re entirely liable on their own in the event of a crash.

If a teen causes an accident, liability may extend to the vehicle owner—which is often a parent or guardian.

Vicarious Liability – When Parents Are On the Hook

Under Ontario’s Highway Traffic Act and vicarious liability principles, the person who owns the vehicle can be held responsible if they gave consent for someone else to drive it, even if they weren’t in the car.

So, if a teen is driving a parent’s car with permission and causes a collision, the parent (as vehicle owner) is likely liable for:

  • Property damage

  • Medical costs

  • Legal claims from other drivers

What About Negligence?

If a parent knowingly allows their teen to drive unsafely—or ignores clear signs of recklessness—they could also be held liable for negligent entrustment. For example, if a teen has a history of distracted driving or speeding tickets, and the parent still hands over the keys, the parent could face increased legal exposure.

Insurance Coverage Matters

Most auto insurance policies in Ontario require all household drivers to be listed—especially teens. If a teen is involved in a crash and wasn’t disclosed to the insurer, it could result in:

  • Claim denial

  • Increased premiums

  • Policy cancellation

That’s why it’s critical for families to notify their insurer as soon as a teen becomes a licensed driver.

If You’re the Victim

If you’ve been injured in a collision caused by a teen driver:

  • You may be able to pursue compensation through the vehicle owner’s insurance.

  • A personal injury lawyer can help determine who is liable and how to file a claim.

Car accidents involving teen drivers raise tricky questions about responsibility. While teens can be legally at fault, parents often share liability—especially if they own the vehicle or failed to supervise appropriately.

If you’ve been hurt in an accident involving a young driver, Hilborn and Konduros can help you navigate your options and pursue the compensation you deserve.

Your Landlord, Your Rights: Navigating Injury Claims in Rental Properties

Navigating Injury Claims in Rental Properties

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As a tenant in Ontario, your landlord has a legal duty to keep the rental property safe and in good repair. If you’re injured because your landlord failed to meet that duty, you may be entitled to compensation.

Common Causes of Tenant Injuries

Injuries in rental units or common areas can result from:

  • Broken or icy steps

  • Faulty handrails

  • Loose flooring or carpets

  • Ceiling leaks or collapses

  • Electrical hazards

  • Mold exposure or carbon monoxide leaks

If the hazard was known or should have been known to the landlord and wasn’t properly addressed, they may be legally responsible.

Landlord’s Legal Duty

Under Ontario’s Residential Tenancies Act and Occupiers’ Liability Act, landlords must:

  • Maintain the property in a good state of repair

  • Ensure common areas (like hallways and entrances) are safe

  • Comply with health, safety, housing, and maintenance standards

This duty applies even if the landlord outsources work to a property manager or contractor.

What to Do After an Injury

  1. Seek Medical Attention – Your health comes first. Medical records will also document your injury.

  2. Report the Hazard – Notify the landlord in writing, even if the hazard was previously reported.

  3. Document Everything – Take photos, keep copies of communication, and gather witness statements if possible.

  4. File an Injury Report – If the injury occurred in a common area, like a hallway or lobby, consider filing a report with building management.

  5. Contact a Lawyer – Not all injuries lead to compensation, but if the landlord was negligent, you may be eligible for damages.

What Can You Claim?

If negligence is proven, you may be entitled to compensation for:

  • Medical bills

  • Lost income

  • Pain and suffering

  • Out-of-pocket expenses

  • Future care costs

Landlord Retaliation is Illegal

Many tenants fear repercussions if they pursue legal action, especially in tight housing markets. It’s important to know: retaliation for asserting your legal rights is prohibited. If you’re evicted or harassed after filing a claim, legal remedies are available.

When It’s a Grey Area

Not every injury is due to negligence. For example, if you left water on the floor that caused you to slip, the landlord likely won’t be liable. That’s why it’s crucial to assess each case individually with legal guidance.

Injuries in rental properties can lead to serious consequences—physically, financially, and emotionally. If your injury resulted from a landlord’s failure to maintain a safe environment, you have legal rights worth protecting.

Reach out to Hilborn and Konduros for a free consultation. We’ll review your situation and help you understand the next steps.

Is a Verbal Agreement Legally Binding in Ontario?

Is a Verbal Agreement Legally Binding in Ontario?

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Many people assume a contract must be written to be legally valid—but that’s not always the case. In Ontario, verbal agreements can be legally binding, though they often come with challenges when it comes to enforcement.

What Makes a Contract Legally Binding?

A valid contract—whether written or spoken—requires three key elements:

  1. Offer and acceptance – One party offers something, and the other accepts.

  2. Consideration – There must be something of value exchanged (money, services, goods, etc.).

  3. Mutual intent – Both parties must intend to enter a binding agreement.

If these conditions are met, even a handshake deal could technically be enforceable in court.

When Verbal Agreements Are Enforceable

Verbal contracts are commonly seen in areas like:

  • Home repairs

  • Personal loans

  • Informal employment arrangements

  • Sales of goods under a certain value

For example, if you verbally agree to pay a neighbour $500 to build a fence, and they complete the work, that agreement may hold up in court—but only if you can prove it existed.

When a Written Contract Is Required

Ontario law requires certain types of contracts to be in writing, including:

  • Real estate transactions

  • Wills and powers of attorney

  • Certain long-term leases (over one year)

  • Guarantees (e.g., cosigning a loan)

In these cases, a verbal agreement isn’t enough—it won’t be enforceable under the law.

The Problem with Verbal Contracts: Proving Them

The biggest challenge is evidence. Without documentation, it becomes a “he said, she said” situation. Courts may rely on:

  • Witness testimony

  • Emails, texts, or voicemails

  • Behaviour consistent with a contract (e.g., partial payment)

Still, proving the terms—like how much was agreed upon and when—is much harder without a written record.

Protect Yourself: Tips for Verbal Agreements

If you’re entering a verbal agreement:

  • Follow up with a confirming email or text.

  • Involve witnesses if possible.

  • Keep records of any related payments or messages.

Better yet: get it in writing whenever you can. Even a simple document can prevent costly disputes later.

Final Thoughts

While Ontario law does allow verbal agreements, enforcing them can be complicated without proof. If you’re involved in a contract dispute—or unsure whether your agreement is legally binding—it’s best to speak with a lawyer.

Contact Hilborn and Konduros for legal advice tailored to your situation. We’ll help you understand your options and protect your interests.

Slip and fall accidents on public property—such as sidewalks, parks, or municipal buildings—can lead to serious injuries. In Ontario, knowing what to do immediately after a fall is critical to protecting your rights and preserving your chance for fair compensation. Step 1: Seek Medical Attention Your health comes first. Even if injuries seem minor, symptoms like concussions or internal bruising may appear hours later. Medical records also serve as crucial evidence. Step 2: Document the Scene Take photos of the exact location, surrounding conditions, weather, and any contributing hazards (ice, uneven pavement, poor lighting). Capture these before the property is repaired or cleared. Step 3: Report the Incident For falls on municipal property, report the incident to the city or town as soon as possible. Ontario law imposes strict notice requirements—often within 10 days for claims against municipalities. Failure to notify can bar you from pursuing compensation. Step 4: Gather Witnesses If anyone saw your fall, get their contact information. Independent witnesses can confirm key facts that support your version of events. Step 5: Speak with a Personal Injury Lawyer Public property claims are more complex than private ones. Municipalities are governed by special rules, and liability isn't automatic. An experienced personal injury lawyer can assess if negligence was involved—for example, failure to salt sidewalks, delay in fixing broken steps, or inadequate signage. Compensation You May Be Entitled To: Medical expenses Lost wages Pain and suffering Future rehabilitation costs Final Thoughts If you’ve been injured on public property, don’t delay. Strict timelines and municipal protections mean acting fast is essential. Contact Hilborn and Konduros today for a free consultation—we’ll help you understand your rights and take the next step.

What to Do if You Slip on Public Property in Ontario

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Slip and fall accidents on public property—such as sidewalks, parks, or municipal buildings—can lead to serious injuries. In Ontario, knowing what to do immediately after a fall is critical to protecting your rights and preserving your chance for fair compensation.

Step 1: Seek Medical Attention

Your health comes first. Even if injuries seem minor, symptoms like concussions or internal bruising may appear hours later. Medical records also serve as crucial evidence.

Step 2: Document the Scene

Take photos of the exact location, surrounding conditions, weather, and any contributing hazards (ice, uneven pavement, poor lighting). Capture these before the property is repaired or cleared.

Step 3: Report the Incident

For falls on municipal property, report the incident to the city or town as soon as possible. Ontario law imposes strict notice requirements—often within 10 days for claims against municipalities. Failure to notify can bar you from pursuing compensation.

Step 4: Gather Witnesses

If anyone saw your fall, get their contact information. Independent witnesses can confirm key facts that support your version of events.

Step 5: Speak with a Personal Injury Lawyer

Public property claims are more complex than private ones. Municipalities are governed by special rules, and liability isn’t automatic. An experienced personal injury lawyer can assess if negligence was involved—for example, failure to salt sidewalks, delay in fixing broken steps, or inadequate signage.

Compensation You May Be Entitled To:

  • Medical expenses

  • Lost wages

  • Pain and suffering

  • Future rehabilitation costs

Final Thoughts

If you’ve been injured on public property, don’t delay. Strict timelines and municipal protections mean acting fast is essential.

Contact Hilborn and Konduros today for a free consultation—we’ll help you understand your rights and take the next step.

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The Role of Dashcam Footage in Strengthening Your Personal Injury Case

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Dashcams have become an increasingly popular tool among Ontario drivers, offering a sense of security and a means of accountability in the event of an accident. But beyond personal peace of mind, dashcam footage can play a critical role in personal injury claims, especially when liability is disputed.

In Ontario, where the legal framework for personal injury cases hinges on establishing fault, video evidence from a dashcam can provide clear, objective insight into the moments leading up to a collision. This can be invaluable in cases where eyewitness accounts conflict, or where the at-fault driver denies responsibility.

Dashcam footage is generally admissible in court, provided it meets certain criteria. It must be relevant to the case, authentic, and not altered in any way. Courts in Ontario have increasingly accepted such footage as compelling evidence, particularly when it clarifies events that are otherwise subject to interpretation.

Importantly, dashcams must be used in compliance with privacy laws. The Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) may come into play if a dashcam captures footage of identifiable individuals in a way that could be deemed intrusive. However, footage used solely for personal documentation or legal purposes is typically exempt from consent requirements.

When used appropriately, dashcams can help expedite the claims process by providing insurance adjusters with concrete evidence. They may also help avoid costly litigation by encouraging early settlements. For injury victims, this means quicker access to compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and other damages.

For anyone involved in a vehicle accident in Ontario, securing dashcam footage immediately after the incident is crucial. It should be saved and shared with your lawyer as part of your case documentation. To understand how this evidence could strengthen your case, contact Hilborn and Konduros in Cambridge, Ontario.

Employment Lawyer Cambridge Ontario

Employment Contracts – Key Clauses and Their Legal Significance

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Employment contracts are the foundation of the employer-employee relationship, outlining the terms and expectations of employment. In Ontario, a well-drafted contract not only protects employers but also helps employees understand their rights and responsibilities.

Some of the most important clauses to look for include:

1. Termination Clause – This sets out the notice or severance an employee is entitled to upon termination. Without a clear and enforceable clause, Ontario’s Employment Standards Act (ESA) minimums apply, and employees may also be entitled to common law notice, which is typically more generous.

2. Duties and Responsibilities – Clear job descriptions help prevent disputes about expectations and performance.

3. Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Clauses – These restrict an employee’s ability to work for competitors or solicit clients or colleagues after leaving the company. In Ontario, non-compete clauses are generally unenforceable except in very limited circumstances.

4. Confidentiality Clauses – These protect the employer’s sensitive business information and often remain in effect after the employment relationship ends.

5. Compensation and Benefits – Clarity around wages, bonuses, commissions, and benefits helps avoid confusion or claims of unpaid entitlements.

A common mistake is to assume that all employment contracts are enforceable as written. Courts in Ontario will scrutinize contract language carefully, especially termination clauses, to ensure they comply with the ESA. If a clause breaches the Act, the entire termination clause may be invalid.

Employees should be encouraged to seek legal advice before signing, especially when starting new roles or when presented with new contract terms during employment. Employers should likewise consult an employment lawyer to ensure their contracts are legally sound and up to date with the latest legal standards.

Ultimately, a clear, fair, and enforceable employment contract protects both parties and reduces the risk of costly disputes down the line. For contract review and legal support, contact Hilborn and Konduros in Cambridge, Ontario.

Navigating the Canada Pension Plan Disability Benefits Application

Navigating the Canada Pension Plan Disability Benefits Application

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Applying for Canada Pension Plan (CPP) disability benefits can be a complex process, especially for individuals already dealing with the physical and emotional challenges of a disability. Understanding the application process and eligibility requirements can make a significant difference in the success of your claim.

To qualify for CPP disability benefits, you must:
– Have made enough contributions to the CPP.
– Be under the age of 65.
– Have a “severe and prolonged” disability that prevents you from working at any job on a regular basis.

The term “severe and prolonged” has a very specific legal meaning under the Canada Pension Plan. A “severe” disability means you are incapable of regularly pursuing any substantially gainful occupation. “Prolonged” means your disability is long-term and of indefinite duration, or is likely to result in death.

The application requires detailed medical documentation, including reports from doctors and specialists. These documents should outline your diagnosis, prognosis, treatments attempted, and the impact your condition has on your ability to work. The more specific and consistent the medical evidence, the stronger your application.

Many applicants are initially denied benefits, often due to missing or insufficient information. If your application is denied, you have the right to appeal. This process includes reconsideration, a hearing before the Social Security Tribunal, and potentially a further appeal. Having legal representation throughout this process can significantly increase your chances of success.

Legal support can also help ensure that deadlines are met, that your documentation is in order, and that your case is presented in the strongest possible light.

For expert assistance navigating the CPP disability benefits process, contact Hilborn and Konduros in Cambridge, Ontario. We can help you build a comprehensive and compelling application or appeal.

The Legal Aspects of Buying or Selling a Business in Ontario

The Legal Aspects of Buying or Selling a Business in Ontario

Whether you’re buying or selling a business in Ontario, the transaction involves numerous legal considerations. Both buyers and sellers must be diligent to ensure the process is compliant, fair, and protects their financial interests.

The first step is determining whether the deal will be structured as a share sale or an asset sale. In a share sale, the buyer purchases the shares of the company, effectively taking over its assets and liabilities. In an asset sale, the buyer only acquires specific business assets, which may be less risky from a liability standpoint.

Key documents in the process include letters of intent, purchase agreements, and non-disclosure agreements. Due diligence is essential, including reviewing contracts, financials, leases, intellectual property, and employee agreements.

Ontario law also requires compliance with employment standards legislation, HST considerations, and potential bulk sales requirements, although the latter has been repealed in many contexts.

Legal representation ensures that all terms are negotiated clearly and documented properly, reducing the risk of future disputes. Whether you’re buying or selling, a lawyer will help with contract drafting, due diligence, and closing procedures.

If you’re considering buying or selling a business in Ontario, contact Hilborn and Konduros in Cambridge for experienced legal support.

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